Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is a hardy, fast-growing shrub or small tree known for its silvery foliage, fragrant yellow flowers, thorny branches, and strong tolerance of difficult growing conditions.
It has historically been planted in shelterbelts, windbreaks, wildlife plantings, and challenging sites where many other trees struggle.
| Feature | Russian Olive |
|---|---|
| Mature Size | 15–25 ft tall × 15–20 ft wide |
| Light | Full Sun |
| Growth Rate | Fast |
| Fruit | Small olive-like fruits |
| Pollination | Self-fertile |
| Wildlife Value | Good for birds and cover |
| Drought Tolerance | High once established |
| Uses | Windbreaks, shelterbelts, wildlife cover, tough sites |
Why Grow Russian Olive?
Russian Olive is valued for its toughness. It tolerates wind, drought, poor soils, and exposed sites better than many trees and shrubs. Its silver-gray foliage also gives it a distinctive look in the landscape.
It can be useful for:
- Windbreaks
- Shelterbelts
- Wildlife habitat
- Erosion control
- Dry, exposed acreage plantings
- Screening and cover
Flowers and Fruit
Russian Olive produces small, fragrant yellow flowers followed by olive-like fruits. The fruits are used by birds and wildlife. While technically edible, they are generally not considered a desirable fresh-eating fruit.
Important Planting Note
Russian Olive is a non-native species and is considered invasive in some areas, especially along waterways, riparian corridors, and moist lowlands. It can spread by seed and may become difficult to manage in favorable conditions.
For that reason, it is best planted thoughtfully and avoided near creeks, rivers, wetlands, or natural drainage areas where it could spread.
Best Use in the Black Hills
Russian Olive may be most appropriate for dry, exposed acreage sites where a tough windbreak or wildlife shrub is needed and where spread can be monitored.
For customers wanting native alternatives, consider species such as chokecherry, buffaloberry, silverberry, serviceberry, hawthorn, or native plum.